![]() The speed of sound can be affected by the shape and size of the container the sound is travelling through. Faster waves cover more distance in the same period of time. A slower wave would cover less distance - perhaps 660 meters - in the same time period of 2 seconds and thus have a speed of 330 m/s. The speed of sound in water is about 1,493 metres per second (4,921 feet per second). If a sound wave were observed to travel a distance of 700 meters in 2 seconds, then the speed of the wave would be 350 m/s. Because S-waves do not pass through the liquid core, two shadow regions are produced ( (Figure)). In dry air at 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit), the speed of sound is about 343 metres per second (1,236 feet per second). The time between the P- and S-waves is routinely used to determine the distance to their source, the epicenter of the earthquake. The P-wave gets progressively farther ahead of the S-wave as they travel through Earth’s crust. P-waves have speeds of 4 to 7 km/s, and S-waves range in speed from 2 to 5 km/s, both being faster in more rigid material. Both types of earthquake waves travel slower in less rigid material, such as sediments. For that reason, the speed of longitudinal or pressure waves (P-waves) in earthquakes in granite is significantly higher than the speed of transverse or shear waves (S-waves). At 20 ☌ (68 ☏), the speed of sound in air is about 343 metres per second (1,125 ft/s 1,235 km/h 767 mph 667 kn), or one kilometre in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s. The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. ![]() Earthquakes produce both longitudinal and transverse waves, and these travel at different speeds. Seismic waves, which are essentially sound waves in Earth’s crust produced by earthquakes, are an interesting example of how the speed of sound depends on the rigidity of the medium. The second shell is farther away, so the light arrives at your eyes noticeably sooner than the sound wave arrives at your ears.Īlthough sound waves in a fluid are longitudinal, sound waves in a solid travel both as longitudinal waves and transverse waves. The first shell is probably very close by, so the speed difference is not noticeable. ![]() Sound and light both travel at definite speeds, and the speed of sound is slower than the speed of light. V=\sqrt Differentiating with respect to the density, the equation becomes
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